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Jewellery essentials of a Maharashtrian Bride

Maharashtrian-BrideDressed in a beautiful yellow saree with a golden border, hair tied as a bun and decorated with pearl ornaments and gajra, she is the gorgeous Maharashtrian bride. Unlike the other Indian communities where the brides usually wear red, this saree, traditionally a Paithani, comes in very typical colours of golden yellow, leaf green or aubergine.

Apart from the attractive sunshine yellow of the saree, what set her apart are the traditional ornaments that she dons. Maharashtrians mostly prefer blending in pearl jewellery along with gold, which has several references in Marathi literature and poetry as well. Here are the typical adornments of a traditional Maharashtrian bride.

Mundavalya

This is a unisex ornament, worn by the bride as well as the groom. It is basically a string (sometimes two) of pearls, tied horizontally across the forehead from the temple. There are two more pearl lines that drop from either side of the forehead to the shoulders, beautifully framing the face. The mundavalya are tied after the bride is ready to walk to the mandap. This literally means that she is ready to get married.

Tanmani

This is an absolute must for a Maharashtrian bride. It is a choker with 3-4 pearl lines that sit firmly onto it. The off-white pearls are accompanied by a few coloured pearls just to add to the beauty of the neckpiece. This essentially comes with a resham string that holds it and can be adjusted at the back of the neck to tighten or loosen it.

Kolhapuri saaz

As the name suggests, this ornament is originally from the city of Kolhapur in Maharashtra. This necklace is suggestive of the woman’s marital status and is gifted by the groom’s family. In many Maharashtrian communities, a Kolhapuri saaz is as important as the mangalsutra, and many women in rural Maharashtra still wear it every day. It consists of gold beads (Jav mani), gold elements of leaves, petals etc., and a round pendant with a red stone in the centre, woven in a gold wire. Traditionally, this necklace included 21 separate design elements, of which 10 are a reflection of Lord Vishnu’s avatars, 8 are auspicious patterns or ashtamangal, and two are ruby and emeralds. The last piece is the taviz to protect from evil.

Chuda

Maharashtrian bridal chuda is very different than the red chuda. It has glass bangles in green, a symbol of fertility, new life and creativity. It is customary to wear these in odd numbers and in different numbers in both hands. For example, 11 in one and 13 in the other or 13 and 17, and so on. Solid gold bangles called patlya and carved gold kadas called tode are worn along with the green glass bangles. The bride wears the chuda amidst much celebration after the mehendi. The patlya and tode, often gifted by the groom’s family, depict the financial status of the family. Solid, heavy gold rather than intricate carvings are usually preferred.

Vaaki

Vaaki or armlet is an essential for the Maharashtrian bride. Ideally worn one on each arm, many brides these days wear just one vaaki. A traditional design is in flat, solid gold with precious stones in the centre.

Nath

Just like the mundavalya and the tanmani, the nath makes a Maharashtrian bride different than the rest. This traditional nosepiece has pearls woven in a typical Paisley shape, and has a white stone in the centre. The more extravagant families are known to have a diamond for this white stone. There is a red stone or a red coloured pearl that is also a part of the typical design. A nath comes in different styles, depending on the part of Maharashtra the bride belongs to. A brahmani nath is the most popular design, and is studded with basra moti and emeralds. Just like the patlya and tode, the nathalso stands for the financial status of the family.

Mangalsutra

Even though the designs have evolved and changed over the years, the meaning and importance of the mangasultra have not changed. It literally means mangal (holy) and sutra (thread). The black beads string end with two golden cups, each standing for the parents’ and the in-laws’ home. It literally means that the bride’s new home and her parents’ home are tied together in a delicate thread. Each golden cup is filled with haldi and kumkum before the husband ties it around the bride’s neck.

Ambada

The bride ties her hair into a neat, round bun (ambada) and embellishes it with traditional hair jewels called khopa or bejewelled pins, followed by jasmine gajras.

Jodvi

Jodvi or tow-rings, always in silver, are gifted by the mother-in-law and signify the bride’s entry in the new household. These are a must for every Maharashtrian bride.

The diversity that India has when it comes to cultures and traditions is beyond plain exciting! Every community and region in India has a different story to narrate. These were the absolute essentials for a traditional Maharashtrian bride. If you would like to read about rituals and wedding essentials from other Indian communities, let us know in the comments section below.

Failure of the system Part – II

I was sure that passengers will have to struggle to get a seat in the next bus too. A group of hooligans is always present while boarding the bus for creating trouble for commuters. If things continue to remain like this then how will the problems of common man be resolved? An old person who was standing beside me was suffering in silence while travelling in the bus. He meekly smiled at me and said, “I am a regular commuter of this bus. I usually travel as a standing passenger which is very common aspect. I am only able to occupy a seat on rare occasions. We need to adjust with the system! You can’t change the world, you need to change yourself!” I was surprised to notice that inspite of undergoing hardships daily this elderly person couldn’t learn the lesson to become unruly for grabbing a seat. He calmly replied, “I am a man of principles. I am sure, one day people will learn to follow the rules and become disciplined”. I smiled and said “hmmm”! However, I remained unconvinced by his statement and began thinking whether people will look towards such men and learn from them.

I thought I should raise this issue to change at least one person. So I tried to convince a youngster sitting beside us and said him that what he did was wrong. The youth should have followed the rules which would have made the lives of fellow commuters easier. He surprised me by saying that if everyone follows the rule then he too will follow. Refusing to vacate the seat for the elderly he told me, “Take it easy. Anyway we have boarded the bus and let’s avoid arguments.”

Unfortunately my mind would not stop thinking about the steps to be taken to reform the system? What would happen if I sit on the road observing a dharna in front of the bus and call it off until justice was attained? Then people would call me mad. Commuters might address me as an “educated idiot”! Many bystanders might comment that I didn’t have any other work to do! Even the media will label me as an ‘anarchist’! The incident would go down in history as someone had tried to challenge the deteriorated system in vain.

There are many people who criticise about the collapse of the system but they do not join hands to correct it. The reason why this is happening is that the society is fractured and the pieces do not forge into a unity to oppose the unruly elements. Each one has his own point of view for evaluating the injustice. For instance, take the example of transport system where categories of buses ranging from most luxurious to most ordinary exist. You are entitled to receive amenities as per your purchasing power. People select buses according to their purchasing power. Then who will fight for the common man’s rights? Only the anarchist!?

Akshara Damle

Ignorant about Awas Yojana

Ignorant-about-Awas-YojanaWith an eye on the upcoming election the central government had announced the Rajiv Awas Yojana for providing affordable homes to slum dwellers residing in urban areas. On the other hand, the common man is unaware about how to avail the benefits of this scheme and which officials to be contacted. What is the use of the government sponsored schemes if citizens are unable to derive benefits out of it? The UPA government is already wasting the tax-payers hard earned money by spending crores of money on the welfare schemes announced by it. Will the newly launched scheme be implemented effectively or will it just remain on paper?

When AV spoke to people about the Rajiv Awas Yojana many of them were unaware about it. Vinod Suhar, a Santacruz resident said, “I have heard that slum residents will be provided affordable homes. However, I don’t know how to apply for this scheme. Till date no official has arrived at my house for explaining about this scheme.”

Hari Chavan, a Borivali resident said, “I heard about this scheme but don’t know how I will avail its benefits. Nobody came forward to provide guidance to me about this scheme.”

Sonali Patil, a housewife from Kandivali said, “I am unaware about the Rajiv Awas Yojana and don’t know how to utilise this scheme. Nobody has provided any guidance to me about this scheme.”

Akhilesh Tiwari, a Malad resident said, “The government is only interested in introducing new schemes but they are not creating awareness about it. I came to know about this scheme after you informed me about it.”

Suhas Kutadakar a Dahisar resident said, “It is the responsibility of the government to guide citizens about how to utilize this scheme.”

Rajeev Singh an Andheri resident said, “I have heard about this scheme but I am unaware about its objectives. I merely know slum dwellers will be provided affordable homes but don’t know more about it.”

Sangeeta Pawar a Goregaon resident said, “I had watched the Rajeev Awas Yojana advertisement aired on television which mentioned that cities would become slum free. But I don’t how the government is planning to implement this scheme.”

On the flip side, Congress party leaders denied that people are unaware of this scheme. They were confident that people will be benefitted out of this scheme.

Krishna Hegde, Congress MLA from Vile Parle said,“People residing in slum areas are educated and they are aware about how to utilise these schemes. When the SRA scheme was announced then several people residing in slums derived benefit out of it. We are airing advertisement in media for creating awareness among people about this scheme.”

Janardhan Chandurkar, Mumbai Regional Congress Committee president said, “Everyone is aware about the Rajiv Awas Yojana and many other schemes announced by the government. We are also providing guidance to people about the utilization of the scheme.”

Sachin Sawant, Congress spokesperson said, “People know about the scheme through the advertisement aired on television and news. Party workers are creating awareness about the scheme by interacting with people. If people have any doubts they can directly contact our party workers.”

The Rajiv Awas Yojana was launched in June 2011 in two phases the preparatory phase for a period of two years which ended in June 2013 and implementation phase. Subsequently, 33 slum clusters were identified and tenders were passed for carrying out socio-economic, biometric and technical survey.

Shiv Sena protest against Pakistani band at Mumbai Press Club

Mumbai-Press-ClubA group of 50 workers from political party Shiv Sena barged into a press conference being held by Pakistani band Mekaal Hasan at the Press Club near Azad Maidan, demanding that the musicians return immediately to their country.

The band, which plays Sufi rock, was scheduled to announce a joint concert with Indian performers at the city’s Press Club.

The Shiv Sena workers were carrying placards and saffron flags; they moved with relative ease past the policemen posted outside, a standard precaution in Mumbai where the Sena regularly disrupts or protests against the presence of Pakistani artists.

“The police did not do very much. They stood around like bystanders,” alleged Gurbir Singh, an official with the Press Club.

Mr. Singh said that the Sena had warned yesterday in its mouthpiece “Saamna” that the press conference should be cancelled.

A police station is right across the road from the Press Club; senior police sources claimed reinforcements were rushed in to handle the Sainiks, some of whom have been arrested.
There were no reports of vandalism, however.

The Shiv Sainiks have always made their views on Pakistan loud and clear. Last year, they had raised objections to hiring Pakistani artists to perform in India.

CBI seeks two-weeks time to file reply on plea in Adarsh scam

adarshThe CBI on Tuesday sought two-weeks time to file its affidavit in reply to a plea questioning the Maharashtra Governor’s order refusing sanction to prosecute former Chief Minister Ashok Chavan in the Adarsh scam.

The application relied on a Supreme Court order and said that the CBI does not require sanction from the governor to prosecute public servants in cases which are being monitored by the judiciary. A division bench of justices P V Hardas and Ajey Gadkari adjourned the plea for two weeks after CBI sought time to file its affidavit.

“The Supreme Court ruled that there is no requirement of sanction for the CBI under section 6-A of the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act to prosecute government servants in cases that are being monitored by the judiciary,” the application, filed by former journalist Ketan Tirodkar, said.

It further said that the CBI’s compilation of documents submitted to the Governor for sanction to prosecute Chavan were foolproof and point out to the “faulty” decision of grant of additional FSI to the society allegedly by Chavan.

“In return, Chavan’s mother-in-law and brother of his father-in-law were alloted flats in the society,” the application claimed.

Tirodkar filed the application after Maharashtra Governor K Sankaranarayanan refused permission to CBI to prosecute Chavan.

Chavan was accused of approving additional FSI (floor space index) to Adarsh society in exchange of two flats for his relatives. He was also charged with illegally approving as the then revenue minister the allotment of 40 per cent of the flats to civilians when the society was meant for Kargil war widows and defence personnel.

The two-member inquiry commission had in its final report indicted Chavan for alleged favouritism to the society.

“There was certainly a nexus between the acts of Chavan and benefits derived by his close relatives. The membership process clearly indicates that grant of requisite permission by Chavan was by way of quid pro quo,” the report said.

ATS allowed to arrest Bhatkal in 2011 triple blast case

Bhatkal-triple-blast-caseMumbai anti-terrorism squad (ATS) was today allowed by a Delhi court to arrest Indian Mujahideen (IM) co-founder Yasin Bhatkal and his aide Asadullah Akhtar in connection with the July 13, 2011 Mumbai terror attack case in which over 20 persons were killed and 141 injured.

District Judge I S Mehta allowed the pleas of Mumbai ATS in which it had sought custody of Bhatkal and Akhtar in connection with the case saying their custodial interrogation was required to complete the probe.

“Since ATS Mumbai has filed applications through ACP Mangesh Pote on September 4, 2013 for taking custody and there is production warrant of the accused persons, I allow the applications of ATS Mumbai, Maharashtra, for arresting the accused Mohammad Ahmed Siddibappa alias Yasin Bhatkal and Asadullah Akhtar….,” the judge said.

Bhatkal, who was in custody of Karnataka Police in connection with the 2010 blasts at Chinnaswamy Stadium, was produced before the court.

Mumbai ATS told the court that names of Bhatkal and Akhtar had cropped up during the investigation into the July 2011 blasts cases and both the accused would be brought to Delhi after completion of the probe there.
The court allowed the plea and directed the Tihar Jail Superintendent to hand over the custody of Bhatkal and Akhtar to Mumbai ATS.

“Jail Superintendent Tihar is directed to hand over the custody of accused Mohd Ahmed Siddibappa alias Yasin Bhatkal and Asadullah Akhtar to CID ACP Mangesh Pote…,” it said.

Akhtar is lodged in jail under judicial custody.

Three powerful blasts had ripped through crowded areas in Mumbai on July 13, 2011 evening killing at least 21 people and injuring 141.

The first explosion had rocked Zaveri Bazar, a popular jewellery market, at 6.50 pm and a minute later another blast shook the busy business area Opera House. A third blast ripped through crowded Dadar area in Central Mumbai at 7.04 pm.

National Investigation Agency (NIA) had arrested Bhatkal, wanted in over 40 terror cases and carrying a reward of Rs 35 lakh, and Akhtar from Indo-Nepal border on the night of August 28 last year.

Bhatkal, who hails from Bhatkal village of Udupi district in North Karnataka, is wanted in a string of terror attacks in Ahmedabad, Surat, Bangalore, Pune, Delhi and Hyderabad, the agency had said.

30-year-old Bhatkal, who was earlier associated with banned outfit Students Islamic Movement of India, is suspected to have hatched a conspiracy with others to wage war against India.

Ten killed as Mumbai bound bus falls into gorge in Satara

Ten persons were killed and about 30 injured when a Mumbai-bound private luxury bus turned turtle and fell into a gorge in Khandala taluka of the Satara district, police said on Tuesday.

The mishap took place on Monday night bus when they went off the road and hurtled down the 20ft gorge. The driver lost control at a steep curve after a container vehicle moving ahead of it rammed a car.

The bus was believed to be carrying tourists from Gujarat and the injured were being treated in hospitals at Khandala and Shirval, officials said.

Nine persons were killed on the spot in a similar accident involving a private vehicle last month.

Congress, BJP squabble over ‘Ae mere watan ke logon’ lyricist Pradeep

Poet Pradeep, who penned the famous “Ae mere watan ke logon” has become the centre of a political slugfest between the Congress and BJP.

When the golden anniversary of “Ae mere watan ke logon” was celebrated in Mumbai, Gujarat Chief Minister Narendra Modi was present at the stage with legendary singer Lata Mangeshkar. Now, the Congress has named a road crossing after Pradeep. However, according to Pradeep’s family both the parties are indulging politics.

Former Prime Minister Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru had tears in his eyes while listening to the song.
Meanwhile, after the announcement of a crossing after Pradeep, the BJP said the Congress has been copying it. But Congress MP Priya Dutt denied any politics over the name.

Pradeep had also written one of the patriotic song ‘de di hame azadi, bina khadag bina dhal’ on Mahatma Gandhi.

During a public meeting in December 2013 at Indore, Madhya Pradesh Minister and senior BJP leader Kailash Vijayvargiya said the nationally-revered poet “deserves to be slapped, boxed and kicked” for praising Mahatma Gandhi.

Stunned by the comments, late Pradeep’s daughter Mitul Pradeep demanded an unconditional, written apology from Kailash Vijayvargiya for insulting the iconic poet and indirectly even Mahatma Gandhi.
Pradeep died at the age of 83 in Mumbai on December 11, 1998.

TADA court orders probe into Abu Salem’s train wedding

TADA-courtA TADA court on Tuesday directed the Thane Police Commissioner to conduct an inquiry after a media report claimed gangster Abu Salem, an accused in 1993 Mumbai serial blasts, had married on a train while being escorted by police to Lucknow for a court hearing.

“The designated TADA court has directed the Thane Police Commissioner to conduct an inquiry as to how an accused, who is in judicial custody, can marry on a train without the permission of the court,” prosecutor Deepak Salvi said.

Special Judge G A Sanap’s directive came after he took suo-motu cognizance of the report that appeared in a tabloid today.

The Thane police chief has been asked to submit his report in 10 days.

According to the report, Salem married a resident of Mumbra in adjoining Thane district last month on a train and that the ‘Nikah’ was performed by a Qazi in Mumbai over phone. Salem’s nephew advocate Rashid Ansari and some policemen were witness to the marriage, it was claimed.

However, Salem, while speaking to reporters outside the courtroom, dubbed the report as “baseless” and a “rumour”.

An accused in 1993 Mumbai serial blasts, Salem was extradited from Portugal on November 11, 2005, after a prolonged legal battle.

Don’t recommend heritage status for too many sites: HC to MHCC

Bombay-HCThe Bombay High Court suggested to Mumbai Heritage Conservation Committee (MHCC) not to recommend heritage precinct status for too many sites at a time so as to avoid delay in framing guidelines for redevelopment of buildings in those areas.

The suggestion was made by a division bench of Chief Justice Mohit Shah and Justice M S Sanklecha which was hearing a bunch of petitions challenging the August 14, 2013 circular issued by the civic body directing all its officers to refer proposals for redevelopment of any building that falls in the proposed list of heritage precincts to MHCC.

On July 31, 2012, the Corporation had come up with a proposed list of 41 sites to be declared as heritage precincts. The sites included Shivaji Park and Matunga in central Mumbai and suburban Chembur. The list was issued after a recommendation from MHCC in 2008.

The court had ruled that under Development Control Regulation (DCR) rules, it was not mandatory for redevelopment proposals of those buildings which have not been individually declared as Grade I and II heritage structures to be referred to the heritage committee and can be decided by BMC itself.

The bench was today hearing the matter on the issue of guidelines to be framed by the heritage committee for redevelopment of buildings in heritage precincts. The committee today told the court that it would now take the Shivaji Park area as a priority case and then frame guidelines for the other areas.

“If you (MHCC) recommend heritage precinct status for so many areas at a time, you would not be able to spare time to frame guidelines for each and every site. Then the whole purpose is defeated. Why don’t you concentrate on fewer sites at a time,” Chief Justice Shah said.